HFNC can keep oxygen at the right level while intubation tubes are being placed and removed. For example, breathing problems can develop during intubation. Prevents breathing problems before and after a procedure or surgery.HFNC does not use a mask, so it may be more comfortable than CPAP. A CPAP mask may be difficult to wear during sleep. OSA is usually treated with a continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) machine. HFNC can be used to manage obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This makes it easier to cough up or remove. It can also help thin mucus that may form in the lungs. Conditions such as COPD, pneumonia, and respiratory failure can cause low blood oxygen levels. Manages lung conditions in older children and adults.HFNC can help the baby breathe more regularly. AOP causes the baby to stop breathing for 15 to 20 seconds or to pause for several seconds. This can cause a condition called apnea of prematurity (AOP). Premature babies are born earlier than 37 weeks, before certain parts of the body have fully formed. It also helps clear carbon dioxide from the airway. The lungs do not have to work as hard to get air in and out. The high flow rate makes breathing easier. The oxygen is delivered through small prongs that sit in the nostrils. HFNC is used to give oxygen at a high rate. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Medically reviewed by. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Application of respiratory heat exchange for the measurement of lung water. Serikov VB, Rumm MS, Kambara K, Bootomo MI, Osmack AR, Staub NC. Equipment for the provision of airway warming (insulation) in the treatment of accidental hypothermia in patients. Physiological effects of high-flow oxygen in tracheostomized patients. Natalini D, Grieco DL, Santantonio MT, Mincione L, Toni F, Anzellotti GM, et al. Early nasal high-flow versus Venturi mask oxygen therapy after lung resection: a randomized trial. Pennisi MA, Bello G, Congedo MT, Montini L, Nachira D, Ferretti GM, et al. Use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation in ICU adults: a narrative review. Papazian L, Corley A, Hess D, Fraser JF, Frat J-P, Guitton C, et al. All patients provided informed consent to data analysis and publication. As a standard of care in our institution, all patients received treatment with warm blankets and heated crystalloid infusion, and the treatment was continued to achieve a core body temperature of 36 ☌. We retrospectively compared these patients with 4 matched control subjects (2 females, median age 70 years) who were admitted to the emergency department due to primary hypothermia in the same time period, did not receive HFNC, had no respiratory failure, and had body temperature recorded with the same technique: 1:1 matching was performed solely on the basis of body temperature at admission ± 0.2 ☌. In all subjects, body temperature was recorded every 15 min through a dedicated urinary catheter (Teleflex, Annacotty, Limerick, Ireland). HFNC was administered through the AIRVO 2 device (Fisher and Paykel healthcare, New Zealand) or by a gas-compressed mechanical ventilator (EvitaXL or EvitaInfinity, Draeger, Lubeck, Germany) through a heated humidifier (MR860, Fisher and Paykel Healthcare, New Zealand): gas flow was set at 50–60 l/min, humidification chamber at 37 ☌, and FiO 2 at 21%. All patients were fully awake, hemodynamically stable, and had no respiratory distress nor gas exchange impairment. Over a 6-month period (October 2018–March 2019), we applied, for clinical purposes, HFNC with no oxygen supplementation to 4 patients (3 females, median age 51 years), who were admitted to the emergency department of our institution with stage 1–2 primary hypothermia (i.e., prolonged exposure to cold environment).
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